spur

n.
1. instrument attached to a rider's heel to prick hishorse's side踢马刺。
△2H.IV.1.1.41:“He told methat rebellion had bad luck,/ And that young HarryPercy's spur was cold.” i.e. Hotspur (Harry Percy)being dead is now cold. 他告诉我说叛军遭到了噩运，年轻的飞将军已经飞不动、冰冷了。
2. incitement,incentive,stimulus刺激（物），激励（物）。
△Lr.2.1.77(75):“If they not thought the profits ofmy death / Were very pregnant and potential spurs /To make thee seek it.”要是他们不认为我死后的好处具有非常明显而强有力的刺激，这才促使你置我于死地。(按：spurs—词，又作spirits = evil spirits,i.e. tempters，引申意思相近。)
△2H.VI.1.3.153(150):“She's tickled now,herfume needs no spurs，”她现在已经被激怒了，她的怒火不需要再加什么刺激。

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spur

vt.
1.prick and drive with the spur,incite用马刺踢刺，刺激。
△Gent.5.2.7: “But love will not be spurred towhat it loathes.”但是爱情可不能被踢到它所憎恶的人的怀抱里。
2. incite,impel激励，推动。
△Tw.3.3.4:“My desire /...did spur me forth，”我的心愿鼓励我向前。
3. hasten加紧，赶快。
△Gent 5.1.6:“So much theyspur their expedition.”他们总是那样急于求成。
～ vi. ride fast,travel with great expedition骑马急驰，兼程赶路。
△1H.VI.4.3.17:“Thou princely leader ofour English strength,/ Never so needful on the earthof France,/ Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot，”你是我们英国军队的主帅，在法兰西境内现在正紧急需要你，请火速驰援高贵的塔尔博特吧。
△2H.IV.1.1.36:“After himcame spurring hard / A gentleman，”一位绅士在他之后疾驰而来。

spur[spə:]

n. 马刺v.鞭策，鼓舞，刺激，疾驰
◇ on the spur of the moment凭一时冲动
spur on鞭策
‖ spur intensive cooperation促进密切合作
spur spending增加开支